The Best IOT Interview Questions & Answers

1. What is IoT?
Answer: IoT stands for Internet of Things. It is a network using which things can communicate with each other using the internet as a means of communication between them. All the things should be IP protocol enabled to have this concept possible. Not one but multiple technologies are involved to make IoT a great success.

2. What are the main Social and Cultural Impacts of the Internet Of Things (IoT)?
Answer: The IoT may create webs of connections that will fundamentally transform the way people and things interact with each other. The emerging cyberspace platform created by the IoT and SMAC has been described as potentially making cities like “computers” in the open air, where citizens engage with the city “in a real-time and ongoing loop of information.”

Some observers have proposed that the growth of IoT will result in a hyperconnected world in which the seamless integration of objects and people will cause the Internet to disappear as a separate phenomenon. In such a world, cyberspace and human space would seem to effectively merge into a single environment, with unpredictable but potentially substantial societal and cultural impacts.

3. Explain why energy consumption will be an issue when the Internet of Things is implemented?
Answer: Well, the implementation of the Internet of Things can benefit developed countries without many challenges. If the Internet of Things is implemented in an underdeveloped country or developing country then it has to face some of the practical issues. For example, a developing country might lack in providing quality electricity supply to its population at this point if the organizations are implementing Internet of things then it will be a big disaster. Because the Internet of Things will take a lot of energy consumption and if that’s the case the solution provided will not work as efficiently as possible.

4. Give me a real-time example of the Internet of Things application?
Answer:

One of the best examples of the Internet of Things application is as follows:

You can be awake with the help of predefined alarm setup, but with the help of Internet of Things application, you let your brewer know that you are awake and it can start preparing a fresh cup of coffee for you. If technology can help you make your mornings fantastic it can do anything else.

5. What are the skills or expertise that someone must learn or have to be successful in the IoT field?
Answer: A few skills professionals need to have a basic understanding of are — electronic circuit design, microcontroller computing platforms, and programming languages preferably C and Python, networking, and communication technologies, cloud computing, and big data. IoT is a combination of multiple skills. A diversified skill set is more in demand in IoT. Professionals can choose any of the above-mentioned areas to gain expertise once they have an overall understanding of all the components of IoT, depending on their desired role.

6. What is the security concerns related to IoT? Is the present security infrastructure enough to handle the data security requirements of IoT?
Answer: Data privacy and security concerns are rising because of the exponential increase in the connected devices in homes, offices, and industries. These devices are vulnerable to hacking. There is a lot of concern in the mind of people about data being stolen from their devices. There are potentially three hack points: devices, network, and cloud. Data is moving in networks while it is at rest on devices and cloud. IoT endpoints could be used by hackers to attack servers. Device designers and software developers are ensuring adequate security and privacy measures at the initial stage of design and development. ( oracle apex training online  )

7. How will IoT benefit the end-users?
Answer: IoT is continuously changing the way we live, work and entertain. Because of IoT, immense opportunities and possibilities are being created for businesses to innovate in services and products. It has the potential of impacting all the aspects of an end user’s life. Devices are being made context-aware by embedding intelligence into them. And not just devices, we are also embedding intelligence into the environment, and through this embedded intelligence we are enabling it to capture real-time data. This harnessing of intelligence will enhance and augment human capabilities to understand and improve the quality of their lives.

8. What impacts will the Internet of Things (IoT) have on Health Care Sector?
Answer: The IoT has many applications in the health care field, in both health monitoring and treatment, including telemedicine and telehealth. Applications may involve the use of medical technology and the Internet to provide long-distance health care and education. Medical devices, which can be wearable or non wearable, or even implantable, injectable, or ingestible, can permit remote tracking of a patient’s vital signs, chronic conditions, or other indicators of health and wellness.36 Wireless medical devices may be used not only in hospital settings but also in remote monitoring and care, freeing patients from sustained or recurring hospital visits. Some experts have stated that advances in healthcare IoT applications will be important for providing affordable, quality care to the aging U.S. population.

9. What will happen in terms of jobs losses and skills as IoT makes devices and robots more intelligent?
Answer: A Digital Skills Select Committee report to the House of Lords in February estimated that 35% of UK jobs would be lost to automation in the next 20 years. Does it echo the sort of thinking that Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee?s The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies predict. They answer that you need to switch skills but to do this you need to switch the schools too.

Will Franks agrees. He saw when he launched his business in 2004 that a massive shortage in relevant skills can impede progress, so he was forced to look overseas. The same he says will happen with IoT unless we get schools and colleges to start gearing courses to meet the challenges of tomorrow’s automated economy.

It is a huge challenge and one which is a top-three priority for Chi Onwuruh MP and Labour’s Digital Review. Digital inclusion, a data review and a focus on digital skills are she says essential.

Last July the Digital Skills Taskforce called for the Government to review skills development in schools and colleges. The Perkins Review in November last year also called for a review into developing engineering skills to boost the UK economy.

What is clear is that the jobs landscape will change dramatically in the next 20 years. But it will be a slow process and whether or not we are prepared to cope with it will depend as much on education policy as digital policy. The robots are coming but don’t hand your notice in just yet.

10. What sort of information does the Internet of Things objects communicate?
Answer: To be honest, it all depends on the sort of objects that are used within the process. For example An object with a single sensor, like a smart thermometer. With this device, the room temperature can be measured and the information is sent across to the remote weather monitoring center. Alternatively, let’s consider a wireless medical device, it is capable of taking multiple values or data like body temperature, blood pressure, pulse, and any other variables are shared between the medical service provider via a computer or a smartphone.

So basically, it depends on the type of the device or the object is used in the network. ( hadoop training videos ) 

11. What is the Current Federal Regulatory Role of USA Government pertinent to Internet Of Things (IoT)?
Answer: There is no single federal agency that has overall responsibility for the IoT, just as there is no one agency with overall responsibility for cyberspace. Federal agencies may find the IoT useful in helping them fulfill their missions through a variety of applications such as those discussed in this report and elsewhere. Each agency is responsible under various laws and regulations for the functioning and security of its own IoT, although some technologies, such as drones, may also fall under some aspects of the jurisdiction of other agencies.

Various agencies have regulatory, sector-specific, and other mission-related responsibilities that involve aspects of IoT. For example, entities that use wireless communications for their IoT devices will be subject to allocation rules for the portions of the electromagnetic spectrum that they use.

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) allocates and assigns spectrum for nonfederal entities.

• In the Department of Commerce, the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) fulfills that function for federal entities, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) creates standards, develops new technologies, and provides best practices for the Internet and Internet-enabled devices.
• The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) regulates and enforces consumer protection policies, including for privacy and security of consumer IoT devices.
• The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is responsible for coordinating security for the 16 critical infrastructure sectors. Many of those sectors use industrial control systems (ICS), which are often connected to the Internet, and the DHS National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center (NCCIC) has an ICS Cyber Emergency Response Team (ICS-CERT) to help critical-infrastructure entities address ICS cybersecurity issues.
• The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) also has responsibilities concerning the cybersecurity of Internet-connected medical devices.
• The Department of Justice (DOJ) addresses law-enforcement aspects of IoT, including cyberattacks, unlawful exfiltration of data from devices and/or networks, and investigation and prosecution of other computer and intellectual property crimes.
• Relevant activities at the Department of Energy (DOE) include those associated with developing high-performance and green buildings, and other energy-related programs, including those related to smart electrical grids.
• The Department of Transportation (DOT) has established an Intelligent Transportation Systems Joint Program Office (ITS JPO) to coordinate various programs and activities throughout DOT relating to the development and deployment of connected vehicles and systems, involving all modes of surface transportation. DOT mode-specific agencies also engage in ITS activities. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is involved in regulation and other activities relating to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and commercial systems (UAS).
• The Department of Defense was a pioneer in the development of much of the foundational technology for the IoT. Most of its IoT deployment has related to its combat mission, both directly and for logistical and other support.

In addition to the activities described above, several agencies are engaged in research and development (R&D) related to the IoT:–

• .Like NIST, the National Science Foundation (NSF) engages in cyber-physical systems research and other activities that cut across various IoT applications.
• The Networking and Information Technology Research and Development Program (NITRD), under the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), coordinates Federal agency R&D in networking and information technology. The NITRD Cyber-Physical Systems Senior Steering Group “coordinates programs, budgets and policy recommendations” for IoT R&D.
• Other agencies involved in such R&D include the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), and several DOD agencies.
• The White House has also announced a smart-cities initiative focusing on the development of research infrastructure, demonstration projects, and other R&D activities.  ( tableau training videos  )

12. What impacts will the Internet of Things (IoT) have on Energy Sector?
Answer: Within the energy sector, the IoT may impact both production and delivery, for example through facilitating monitoring of oil wellheads and pipelines. When IoT components are embedded into parts of the electrical grid, the resulting infrastructure is commonly referred to as the “smart grid”. This use of IoT enables greater control by utilities over the flow of electricity and can enhance the efficiency of grid operations. It can also expedite the integration of microgenerators into the grid.

Smart-grid technology can also provide consumers with greater knowledge and control of their energy usage through the use of smart meters in the home or office. Connection of smart meters to a building’s HVAC, lighting, and other systems can result in “smart buildings” that integrate the operation of those systems. Smart buildings use sensors and other data to automatically adjust room temperatures, lighting, and overall energy usage, resulting in greater efficiency and lower energy cost. Information from adjacent buildings may be further integrated to provide additional efficiencies in a neighborhood or larger division in a city.

13. What impacts will the Internet of Things (IoT) have on the Agriculture Sector?
Answer: The IoT can be leveraged by the agriculture industry through precision agriculture, to optimize production and efficiency while reducing costs and environmental impacts. For farming operations, it involves analysis of detailed, often real-time data on weather, soil and air quality, water supply, pest populations, crop maturity, and other factors such as the cost and availability of equipment and labor. Field sensors test soil moisture and chemical balance, which can be coupled with location technologies to enable precise irrigation and fertilization. Drones and satellites can be used to take detailed images of fields, giving farmers information about the crop yield, nutrient deficiencies, and weed locations.

For ranching and animal operations, radio frequency identification (RFID) chips and electronic identification readers (EID) help monitor animal movements, feeding patterns, and breeding capabilities, while maintaining detailed records on individual animals. (IOT Interview Questions)

14. How Cybersecurity might affect the Development and Implementation of the Internet of Things (IoT), especially in the USA?
Answer: The security of devices and the data they acquire, process, and transmit is often cited as a top concern in cyberspace. Cyberattacks can result in theft of data and sometimes even physical destruction. Some sources estimate losses from cyberattacks, in general, to be very large?in the hundreds of billions or even trillions of dollars. As the number of connected objects in the IoT grows, so will the potential risk of successful intrusions and increases in costs from those incidents.

Cybersecurity involves protecting information systems, their components and contents, and the networks that connect them from intrusions or attacks involving theft, disruption, damage, or other unauthorized or wrongful actions. IoT objects are potentially vulnerable targets for hackers. Economic and other factors may reduce the degree to which such objects are designed with adequate cybersecurity capabilities built-in. IoT devices are small, are often built to be disposable, and may have limited capacity for software updates to address vulnerabilities that come to light after deployment. ( devops training  )

The interconnectivity of IoT devices may also provide entry points through which hackers can access other parts of a network. For example, a hacker might gain access first to a building thermostat, and subsequently to security cameras or computers connected to the same network, permitting access to and exfiltration or modification of surveillance footage or other information. Control of a set of smart objects could permit hackers to use their computing power in malicious networks called botnets to perform various kinds of cyberattacks.

Access could also be used for destruction, such as by modifying the operation of industrial control systems, as with the Stuxnet malware that caused centrifuges to self-destruct at Iranian nuclear plants. Among other things, Stuxnet showed that smart objects can be hacked even if they are not connected to the Internet. The growth of smart weapons and other connected objects within DOD has led to growing concerns about their vulnerabilities to cyberattack and increasing attempts to prevent and mitigate such attacks, including improved design of IoT objects. Cybersecurity for the IoT may be complicated by factors such as the complexity of networks and the need to automate many functions that can affect security, such as authentication. Consequently, new approaches to security may be needed for the IoT.

IoT cybersecurity will also likely vary among economic sectors and subsectors, given their different characteristics and requirements. Each sector will have a role in developing cybersecurity best practices, unique to its needs. The federal government has a role in securing federal information systems, as well as assisting with security of nonfederal systems, especially critical infrastructure. Cybersecurity legislation considered in the 114th Congress, while not focusing specifically on the IoT, would address several issues that are potentially relevant to IoT applications, such as information sharing and notification of data breaches.

15. What is a “Thing” in the context of the Internet of Things (IoT)?
Answer: The “Thing” commonly referred to by the concept of the Internet of Things is any item that can contain an embedded, connected computing device. A “Thing” in the IoT could be a shipping container with an RFID tag or a consumer’s watch with a WiFi chip that sends fitness data or short messages to a server somewhere on the Internet.