Top 47 Dot Net Interview Questions And Answers Pdf

16. What is the difference between session and caching?
Answer: The first main difference between session and caching is: a session is per-user based but caching is not per-user based, So what does that mean? Session data is stored at the user level but caching data is stored at the application level and shared by all the users. It means that it is simply session data that will be different for the various users for all the various users, session memory will be allocated differently on the server but for the caching-only one memory will be allocated on the server and if one user modifies the data of the cache for all, the user data will be modified.

17. What is a flat-file?
Answer: A flat file is a name given to text, which can be read or written only sequentially.

18. What is a managed extensibility framework?
Answer: Managed extensibility framework (MEF) is a new library that is introduced as a part of .NET 4.0 and Silverlight 4. It helps in extending your application by providing greater reuse of applications and components. MEF provides a way for the host application to consume external extensions without any configuration requirement.

19. What is the concepts of Globalization and Localization in .NET?
Answer: Localization means “process of translating resources for a specific culture”, and Globalization means “process of designing applications that can adapt to different cultures”.
Proper Globalization: Your application should be able to Accept, Verify, and Display all global kind of data. It should well also be able to operate over this data, accordingly. We will discuss more this “Accordingly operations over the diff. culture data”.

Localizability and Localization: Localizability stands for clearly separating the components of culture-based operations regarding the user interface, and other operations from the executable code.
The .NET framework has greatly simplified the task of creating applications targeting the clients of multiple cultures. The namespaces involved in the creation of globalizing, localizing applications are:

• System.Globalization
• System.Resources
• System.Text

20. What are the functional and non-functional requirements?
Answer: Functional requirements define the behavior of a system whereas non-functional requirements specify how the system should behave; in other words, they specify the quality requirements and judge the behavior of a system.

E.g.

Functional – Display a chart which shows the maximum number of products sold in a region.

21. What is shadowing?
Answer: Shadowing is either through a scope or through inheritance. Shadowing through inheritance is hiding a method of a base class and providing a new implementation for the same. This is the default when a derived class writes an implementation of a method of the base class which is not declared as overridden in the base class. This also serves the purpose of protecting the implementation of a new method against subsequent addition of a method with the same name in the base class.’ shadows’ keyword is recommended although not necessary since it is the default.

22. What is the difference between HttpContext?Current.Items and HttpContext.Current.Session in ASP.NET?
Answer: Session state is one of the popular state management techniques in ASP.NET environment. We, developer people, play with session storage every now and then. It’s pretty simple to manage session if you understand the basic concept. Here is the syntax to do that.

Session[“KEY”] =”Value”;
Or
Session[index] = ”Value”;
Let’ s a have an example: using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
namespace WebApp

public partial class WebForm1: System.Web.UI.Page
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

if(!IsPostBack)
HttpContext.Current.Items[“Value”] = “Sourav Kayal in ITEM”;
HttpContext.Current.Session[“Value”] = “Sourav Kayal in SESSION”;
Response.Write((string)(HttpContext.Current.Items[“Value”]) + “
Response.Write((string)(HttpContext.Current.Session[“Value”]));

protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
Response.Write((string)(HttpContext.Current.Items[“Value”]) + “

Response.Write((string)(HttpContext.Current.Session[“Value”]));
button

23. What is the difference between Server.Transfer and Response.redirect?
Answer: Both Response.Redirect and Server. Transfer methods are used to transfer a user from one web page to another web page. Both methods are used for the same purpose but still, there are some differences as follows.

The Response. Redirect method redirects a request to a new URL and specifies the new URL while the Server. Transfer method for the current request terminates execution of the current page and starts execution of a new page using the specified URL path of the page.

Both Response.Redirect and Server.

The transfer has the same syntax as:

Response.Redirect(“UserDetail.aspx”);
Server.Transfer(“UserDetail.aspx”);
Before touching on more points I want to explain some HTTP status codes, these are important for the understanding of the basic differences between these two. The HTTP status codes are the codes that the Web server uses to communicate with the Web browser or user agent.

browser

For further info click on the link:
Difference Between Response.Redirect() and Server.Transfer() Methods in ASP.Net

24. Which architecture does a Dataset follow?
Answer:

A Dataset follows disconnected data architecture.

25. What is caching in ASP.NET?
Answer: Caching is one of the most interesting concepts and operation in ASP.NET. If you can handle it, you can run any web application by applying the caching concept depending on the requirements.

Caching is for providing solutions or the results to the users depending on their request, the admin needs to recreate the pages often depending on user requests…STOP!!! “A cache simply stores the output generated by a page in the memory and this saved output (cache) will serve us (users) in the future.”.

26. What is the authentication and authorization in ASP.NET?
Answer:
Authentication: Prove genuineness
Authorization: the process of granting approval or permission on resources.
In ASP.NET authentication means to identify the user or in other words it’s nothing but to validate that he exists in your database and he is the proper user.

Authorization means does he have access to a particular resource on the IIS website. A resource can be an ASP.NET web page, media files (MP4, GIF, JPEG etc), compressed file (ZIP, RAR), etc.

authentication and authorization

Types of authentication and authorization in ASP.NET

There are three ways of doing authentication and authorization in ASP.NET:

Windows authentication: In this methodology ASP.NET web pages will use local windows users and groups to authenticate and authorize resources.

Forms Authentication: This is a cookie-based authentication where username and password are stored on client machines as cookie files or they are sent through URL for every request. Form-based authentication presents the user with an HTML-based Web page that prompts the user for credentials.

Passport authentication: Passport authentication is based on the passport website provided by Microsoft. So when user logins with credentials it will be reached to the passport website ( i.e. Hotmail,devhood, windows live etc) where authentication will happen. If Authentication is successful it will return a token to your website.

Anonymous access: If you do not want any kind of authentication then you will go for Anonymous access.
In ‘web.config’ file set the authentication mode to ‘Windows’ as shown in the below code snippets.

We also need to ensure that all users are denied except authorized users. The below code snippet inside the authorization tag that all users are denied. ‘?’ indicates any unknown user. (.net Training Online)

27. Difference between Abstract Classes and Interfaces?
Answer:
Following are the differences between Abstract Classes and Interfaces:
a) When a derived class is inherited from an Abstract class, no other class can be extended then. The interface can be used in any scenario.
b) Abstract class contains an abstract method, i.e. actual implementation logic. On the other hand, interfaces have no implementation logic.
c) Every method in an interface must be abstract. This is not necessary in the case of abstract classes.

28. What is the App Domain Concept in ASP.NET?
Answer: ASP.NET introduces the concept of an Application Domain which is shortly known as AppDomain. It can be considered as a Lightweight process which is both a container and boundary. The .NET runtime uses an AppDomain as a container for code and data, just like the operating system uses a process as a container for code and data. As the operating system uses a process to isolate misbehaving code, the .NET runtime uses an AppDomain to isolate code inside a secure boundary.

The CLR can allow the multiple .NET applications to run in a single AppDomain. Multiple Appdomains can exist in Win32 process.

How to create AppDomain: AppDomains are created using the CreateDomain method. AppDomain instances are used to load and execute assemblies (Assembly). When an AppDomain is no longer in use, it can be unloaded.

public class MyAppDomain: MarshalByRefObject
public string GetInfo()
return AppDomain.CurrentDomain.FriendlyName;
public class MyApp
public static void Main()
AppDomain apd = AppDomain.CreateDomain(“Rajendrs Domain”);
MyAppDomain apdinfo = (MyAppDomain) apd.CreateInstanceAndUnwrap(Assembly.GetCallingAssembly()
.GetName()
.Name, “MyAppDomain”);
Console.WriteLine(“Application Name = ” + apdinfo.GetInfo());

29. What is Query String in ASP?
Answer: A QueryString is a collection of characters input to a computer or web browser. A Query String is helpful when we want to transfer a value from one page to another. When we need to pass content between the HTML pages or aspx Web Forms in the context of ASP.NET, a Query String is Easy to use and the Query String follows a separating character, usually a Question Mark (?). It is basically used for identifying data appearing after this separating symbol. A Query String Collection is used to retrieve the variable values in the HTTP query string. If we want to transfer a large amount of data then we can’t use the Request.QueryString. Query Strings are also generated by form submission or can be used by a user typing a query into the address bar of the browsers.
Syntax of Query String
Request.QueryString(variable)[(index).count]
Query String
Advantages:
Simple to Implement
Easy to get information from the Query string.
Used to send or read cross-domain (from a different domain).
Disadvantages:
Human Readable
Client browser limit on URL length
Cross paging functionality makes it redundant
Easily modified by end-user.

30. What are the major events in global.aspx?
Answer: The Global.asax file, which is derived from the HttpApplication class, maintains a pool of HttpApplication objects, and assigns them to applications as needed. The Global.asax file contains the following events:
Application_Init
Application_Disposed
Application_Error
Application_Start
Application_End
Application_BeginReques

31. Use of CheckBox in .NET?
Answer: The CheckBox control is a very common control of HTML, unlike radio buttons, it can select multiple items on a webpage. The CheckBox control in ASP.NET has many properties and some of them are listed below.

Property Description
AutoPostBack Specifies whether the form should be posted immediately after the Checked property has changed or not. The default is false.
CausesValidation Specifies if a page is validated when a Button control is clicked.
Checked Specifies whether the checkbox is checked or not.
InputAttributes Attribute names and values used for the Input element for the CheckBox control.
LabelAttributes Attribute names and values used for the Label element for the CheckBox control.
run at Specifies that the control is a server control. Must be set to “server”.
Text The text next to the checkbox.
TextAlign On which side of the checkbox the text should appear (right or left).
ValidationGroup Group of controls for which the Checkbox control causes validation when it posts back to the server.
OnCheckedChanged The name of the function to be executed when the Checked property has changed.
For further info click on the link:

Use CheckBox inside Gridview in ASP.NET

32. What are the authentication modes in ASP.NET for security?
Answer: When you begin a program for a customer using ASP.NET, you should consider about security. Security is one of the most important components of any application. Security is even more important when you are making a web application which is exposed to millions of users. ASP.NET provides classes and methods that ensure that the application is secure from outside attacks. In this article, we will investigate the different types of authentication provided by ASP.NET. In web.config file you can set authentication mode value ‘windows’ or ‘forms.

33. What is manifest in the .NET Framework?
Answer: Manifest is used to store assembly metadata. It contains all the metadata which are necessary for the following things.

Version of assembly
Security identity
Scope of the assembly
To resolve references to resources and classes

34. What is the ASP.NET page life cycle?
Answer: When a page is requested by the user from the browser, the request goes through a series of steps and many things happen in the background to produce the output or send the response back to the client. The periods between the request and response of a page is called the “Page Life Cycle”.

Request: Start of the life cycle (sent by the user).
Response: End of the life cycle (sent by the server).
There are four stages that occur during the Page Life Cycle before the HTML Response is returned to the client. Later in this article we”ll study all these stages and their sub-events.

Initialization
Loading
Rendering
Unloading
Initialization During this stage the IsPostback property is set. The page determines whether the request is a Postback (old request) or if this is the first time the page is being processed (new request). Controls on the page are available and each control’s UniqueID property is set. Now if the current request is a postback then the data has not been loaded and the value of the controls have not yet been restored from the view state.
Loading At this stage if the request is a Postback then it loads the data from the view state.
Rendering Before rendering, the View State is saved for the page and its controls. During this phase, the page calls the Render method for each control, providing a text writer that writes its output to the OutputStream of the page’s Response property.
Unloading Unload is called after the page has been fully rendered, sent to the client and is ready to be discarded. At this point also the page properties such as Response and Request are unloaded.

35. How to use mode “Windows”?
Answer: Windows Authentication mode provides the developer to authenticate a user based on Windows user accounts. This is the default authentication mode provider by ASP.NET. This will return the computer name along with the user name.